Sara Rosenbaum's Profile
Number of items: 35
Date joined: Feb 06 2017
Sara Rosenbaum's Work
#1
Transit Compartment of Drug Action
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Transit Compartment Model of Drug Response
By Sara Rosenbaum
Sim URL: https://forio.com/simulate/sarar/transit-compartment-model
Sim access:Other authors can download source model
Sim plan: Simulate Free
Sim stats:This sim has been run 326 times.
This simulation was uploaded to Forio Simulate with the isee NetSim software. More information can be found at iseesystems.com.
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A delay in response to a drug can occur when it takes a long time for the drug’s initial effect to be translated into the final response (a long transduction process). The delayed response profile can be captured using a series of transit compartments.
sim
⋮ 1263 runs,
38 downloads
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Pharmacodynamics
Transit compartment
Delayed drug action
#2
Intravenous Infusion
This model demonstrates the pharmacokinetic characteristics of constant continuous drug administrati
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This model demonstrates the pharmacokinetic characteristics of constant continuous drug administration.
sim
⋮ 31780 runs,
98 downloads
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drug
pharmacokinetics
intravenous infusion
zero order input
constant continuous drug administration
#3
Model 21. Emax Model of Drug Response With an Effect Compartment
This model demonstrates how an effect compartment can be added to a pharmacokinetic model to accommo
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This model demonstrates how an effect compartment can be added to a pharmacokinetic model to accommodate a delay in drug response caused by a slow distribution of a drug to its site of action. The simulation also explains hysteresis
#4
Indirect Effect Model 4
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either
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Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either increase or decrease the amount of the entity that directly mediates the response (response variable). Indirect effect Model IV can be used for drugs that stimulate the degradation of the response variable. As a result they decrease the amount of the response variable.
sim
⋮ 1045 runs,
15 downloads
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Drug
Pharmacodynamics
Indirect Effect Model 4
Stimulation of kout
#5
Take the Infusion Challenge
Use this model to see if you can use a drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties to dete
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Use this model to see if you can use a drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties to determine the initial rate of drug administration. See if you can identify potential drug-drug interactions and respond when appropriate by making appropriate modifications to the dose.
sim
⋮ 14348 runs
Dosing
Drug
Pharmacokinetics
Constant Continuous Input
#6
Indirect Effect Model 2
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either
... Read more
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either increase or decrease the amount of the entity that directly mediates the response (response variable). Indirect effect Model 2 can be used for drugs that inhibit the degradation of the response variable. As a result they increase the amount of the response variable.
#7
Understanding Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Hepatic Clearance
Many drugs are removed from the body by metabolism in the liver. A drug's hepatic clearance is a me
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Many drugs are removed from the body by metabolism in the liver. A drug's hepatic clearance is a measure of the liver's ability to metabolize a drug. This simulation demonstrates the characteristics of high extraction (nonrestrictive clearance, low extraction (restrictive clearance and intermediate clearance.
sim
⋮ 9586 runs
drug
metabolism
clearance
elimination
restrictive clearance
#8
Model 27. Hematological Toxicity of Anticancer Drugs
This model shows the typical effect of several anticancer drugs on the number of circulating neutrop
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This model shows the typical effect of several anticancer drugs on the number of circulating neutrophils. The drugs destroy neutrophils as they develop in the bone marrow, and its takes several days for their action to affect the circulating neutrophils. The model demonstrates how inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can effect the magnitude and duration of this response.
#9
Model 14. DDI 2 Enzyme Induction
This simulation demonstrates the model used for the induction of the drug metabolizing enzymes. It i
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This simulation demonstrates the model used for the induction of the drug metabolizing enzymes. It illustrates how the inducing drug's characteristics (Emax and EC50) control the degree of induction and the rate of degradation of the enzyme controls recove..
sim
⋮ 623 runs
pharmacokinetics
enzyme induction
rifampin
#10
Operational Model of Agonism
The operational model of agonism provides a way of measuring drug efficacy and affinity in-vivo.
sim
⋮ 2327 runs
Pharmacodynamics
#11
Model 13. DDI 1 Time Dependent Enzyme Inhibition
This simulation demonstrates the properties of time dependent enzyme inhibition. Specifically it sho
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This simulation demonstrates the properties of time dependent enzyme inhibition. Specifically it shows how the inhibitor’s KI and kinact and the derived parameter kobs, control inhibition. It also demonstrates how the enzyme’s degradation rate constant controls recovery.
sim
⋮ 678 runs
Time dependent enzyme inhibition
mechansim based inhibition
recovery
#12
Pharmacokinetics: An IV Injection on a Two Compartment Model
This model shows the profile of a drug after an intravenous injection when the drug displays two com
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This model shows the profile of a drug after an intravenous injection when the drug displays two compartment characteristics
#13
Integrated PK-PD Model For Lipoamide
Lipoamide is a fictitious antipyretic (fever reducing) drug that is believed to work by reducing the
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Lipoamide is a fictitious antipyretic (fever reducing) drug that is believed to work by reducing the synthesis of cytokines. Based on its mechanism of action and the characteristics of its response, an indirect effect model I (inhibition of kin) was used to model its effect. This model can be used to probe optimum dosing regimens of lipoamide.
sim
⋮ 432 runs
Indirect effect model
Inhibition of kin
pharmacodynamics
#14
Model 2. Drug Transporters
This simulation shows the location and functioning of the major clinically important drug transporte
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This simulation shows the location and functioning of the major clinically important drug transporters in the : gastrointestinal membrane; renal tubular membrane; and the membranes of the hepatocyte. Simulations demonstrate their functioning after oral and intravenous doses of a drug substrate
sim
⋮ 58965 runs
drug
transporters
efflux
uptake
drug absorption
#15
Sigmoidal Emax Model of Drug Response
This is the model that is most commonly used to for the time course of drug effects in man. It assum
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This is the model that is most commonly used to for the time course of drug effects in man. It assumes that the response is driven by the blood or plasma concentrations of the drug. When the model parameters are known, it can be used to predict response at anytime time after any dose.
#16
Model 34. Fentanyl Induced Respiratory Depression and its Reversal With Naloxone
This models demonstrates the varying degrees of respiratory depression caused by fentanyl and its re
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This models demonstrates the varying degrees of respiratory depression caused by fentanyl and its reversal by naloxone. It also demonstrates that the action of naloxone is short lived and that additional doses may be needed
sim
⋮ 1395 runs
Opioid
opioid overdose
naloxone
Narcan
#17
Multiple Intermittent Infusions Pharmacokinetics
The model shows the unique plasma concentration-time profile associated with the administration of a
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The model shows the unique plasma concentration-time profile associated with the administration of a drug using multiple short infusions. It demonstrates the influence of the duration of the infusion and allows the user to practice the calculation of a suitable dose and dosing interval to achieve desired peak and trough plasma concentrations of a drug.
sim
⋮ 8658 runs,
44 downloads
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Multiple intermittent infusions
aminoglycoside infusion
drug
interactive pharmacokinetics
#18
Irreversible Drug Effects - Proton Pump Inhibitors
Some drugs act by binding covalently to their receptors. As a result, the target is destroyed and it
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Some drugs act by binding covalently to their receptors. As a result, the target is destroyed and its function returns only when it has been replaced by newly synthesized product. The target may be a protein, DNA, an enzyme, or a cell at any stage of development. This model has been applied to the action of the proton pump inhibitors, which bind to and destroy the H+,K+-ATPase pumps in the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. Normal proton secretion is restored only when the pumps are replaced by newly synthesized functioning pumps (i.e., the usual turnover time of the system).
sim
⋮ 2605 runs,
28 downloads
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Pharmacodynamic
Irreversible Drug Effects
Proton Pump Inhibitors
PPI Response Model
#19
Tolerance- Precursor Pool Model
Tolerance may be defined as a process that results in a reduction in the response to a specific drug
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Tolerance may be defined as a process that results in a reduction in the response to a specific drug concentration following repeated drug exposure. Tolerance could occur if an endogenous compound that plays an essential role in the response chain becomes depleted during response. This model assumes the drug stimulates the production of a response variable which becomes then becomes depleted.
sim
⋮ 1219 runs,
15 downloads
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Tolerance
Pharmacodynamic
precurosr pool depletion model
#20
Mulitple Bolus Injections Pharmacokinetics
This model shows the typical plasma concentration profile associated with the administration of seve
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This model shows the typical plasma concentration profile associated with the administration of several doses of a drug over time. It demonstrates the determinants of the fluctuation in the plasma concentrations, the accumulation of the drug over the course of therapy and the resting steady state plasma concentrations.
sim
⋮ 28200 runs,
87 downloads
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drug
pharmacokinetics
multiple doses
multiple intravenous bolus injections
#21
Multiple Oral Doses Pharmacokinetics
Most commonly people take oral doses of a drug over an extended period. This model demonstrates the
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Most commonly people take oral doses of a drug over an extended period. This model demonstrates the unique plasma concentration profile associated with this type of drug administration. The model assumes first-order drug absorption with no lag time. Simulations can be carried out to observe how the rate and extent of absorption (bioavailability) affect the profile.
sim
⋮ 20373 runs,
79 downloads
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multiple oral doses
interactive pharmacokinetics
drug
bioavailability
#22
Model 17. DDI 5 Inhibition of Gut and Hepatic Metabolism
This model demonstrates the effect of an inhibiotr that acts on enzymes both the gastrointestinal me
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This model demonstrates the effect of an inhibiotr that acts on enzymes both the gastrointestinal membrane and the liver. It also demonstrates the effect of grapefruit juice on drugs netaboliized by CYP3A
sim
⋮ 814 runs
Intestinal extraction
Fg
DDI
Drug interactions
Grapefruit juice
#23
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics and Phenytoin
Nonlinear or capacity limited pharmacokinetics can occur whenever a process involved in the absorpti
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Nonlinear or capacity limited pharmacokinetics can occur whenever a process involved in the absorption, distribution or elimination of a drug becomes saturated. This model demonstrates nonlinear elimination (metabolism) using phenytoin as the model drug. Specifically, it demonstrates how increasing doses of the drug produce disproportionate increases in the plasma concentration. It also demonstrates how the model parameters, Km and Vmax influence of the plasma concentration -time profile.
sim
⋮ 10973 runs,
53 downloads
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nonlinear pharmacokinetics
capacity limited elimination
drug
phenytoin
#24
Oral Absorption
This model is based on first order absoprtion in a 1-compartment model
#25
Tolerance-Nicotine- Hypothetical Antagonist
Tolerance may be defined as a process that results in a reduction in the response to a specific drug
... Read more
Tolerance may be defined as a process that results in a reduction in the response to a specific drug concentration following repeated drug exposure. One model for tolerance assumes that the drug produces a hypothetical metabolite that opposes its action.
#26
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model
This model shows how to build a PBPK model and how drug concentrations in different tissues can be s
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This model shows how to build a PBPK model and how drug concentrations in different tissues can be simulated
sim
⋮ 3500 runs
Drug
Pharmacokinetic
PBPK
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model
#27
Pharmacokinetics: An IV Injection in a 1-Compartment Model
#28
Indirect Effect Model 1
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either
... Read more
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either increase or decrease the amount of the entity that directly mediates the response (response variable). Indirect effect Model I can be used for drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the response variable. An example is warfarin which inhibits the synthesis of clotting factors.
#29
Extended Hepatic Cl Model
This model assumes permeability controlled hepatic uptake and demonstrates the role of passive diffu
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This model assumes permeability controlled hepatic uptake and demonstrates the role of passive diffusion, hepatic uptake transporters, hepatic matabolism and hepatic efflux transporters on overall hepatic elimination
sim
⋮ 775 runs
Biology
Science
Education
Extended clearance
Permeability controlled distribution
#30
Model 20. DDI Drug-Drug Interactions - Pharmacodynamic
This model demonstrates the interaction between two agonists. The pharmacodynamic characteristics of
... Read more
This model demonstrates the interaction between two agonists. The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the perpetrator drug can be changed to create a full agonist, a partial agonist and a full antagonist
sim
⋮ 4162 runs
DDI
Drug Drug Interactions
Pharmacodynamic
Full agonist
Partial agonist
#31
Indirect Effect Model 3
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either
... Read more
Some drugs do not directly produce the measured drug response. Instead they act upstream, and either increase or decrease the amount of the entity that directly mediates the response (response variable). Indirect effect Model III can be used for drugs that stimulate the production of the response variable. As a result they increase the amount of the response variable.
sim
⋮ 252 runs,
14 downloads
Download Model
Download Model
Drug
Pharmacodynamics
Indirect Effect Model 3
Stimulation of kin
#32
Model 16. DDI 4 Time Dependent Enzyme Inhibition Desipramine and Paroxetine
This simulation demonstrates the characteristics of time dependent enzyme inhibition using paroxetin
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This simulation demonstrates the characteristics of time dependent enzyme inhibition using paroxetine's inhibition of desipramine as an example
sim
⋮ 257 runs
DDI
Drug interactions
Time dependent inhibition
Paroxetine
Desipramine
#33
Model 15. DDI 3 Reversisble Enzyme Inhibition: Midazolam Fluconazole
This model demonstrates the characteristics of reversible enzyme inhibition using fluconazole's inhi
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This model demonstrates the characteristics of reversible enzyme inhibition using fluconazole's inhibition of midazolam as an example.
sim
⋮ 4629 runs
Reversible inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Midazolam
Fluconazole
Enzyme inhibition
#34
Model 1. Introduction to PK and PD
This model allows users to use trial and error to identify appropriate doses of a drug for IV, oral
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This model allows users to use trial and error to identify appropriate doses of a drug for IV, oral and other extravascular routes of administration
sim
⋮ 82459 runs
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Therapeutic Range
#35
Model 20. DDI Drug-Drug Interactions - Pharmacodynamic
This model demonstrates the interaction between two agonists and allows the efficacy (Emax) of one t
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This model demonstrates the interaction between two agonists and allows the efficacy (Emax) of one to be varied
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